Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil. We quantified the effect of COVID-19 on reversing the progress in mortality reduction since 2000 (Methods). The resulting chain-shortened PAAP&G fragments were then dialyzed to remove excess acid, lyophilized, and then ground into a powder. Offensive waste valorisation in the UK: assessment of the potentials for absorbent hygiene product (AHP) recycling. Vaccine 39, 34043409 (2021). Moreover, the life cycle assessments, which utilized soiled diapers as the starting point, demonstrated that these open-loop recycling methods outperform the conventional routes from petroleum-derived feedstocks on nearly every metric, including for the key LCA metrics of global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. To obtain The resulting materials exhibit low-to-medium storage and loss moduli, and as such, are applicable as general-purpose adhesives. Lancet Glob. d, Number of COVID-19 deaths in 2020 per 100,000 people by state (Methods). After recording the highest number of monthly COVID-19 deaths in April 2021, transmission remains extremely high, with about 2,000 daily deaths but a very slow immunization rollout. Inqurito Nacional sobre Insegurana Alimentar no Contexto da Pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil. Google Scholar. Polym. It is also the case that the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 could encompass secular changes unrelated to the pandemic. Pereira, A. K., Oliveira, M. S. & Sampaio, T. S. Heterogeneidades das polticas estaduais de distanciamento social diante da COVID-19: aspectos polticos e tcnico-administrativos. Ranzani, O. T. et al. EXPERIENCE 15 years of experience in Shared Services, BPO, Finance, Business and Investment. To interrogate this hypothesis, we measured the percent esterification under different conditions. In quest of challenging role Operational excellence in specialty chemicals, pharmaceutical industry demonstrated success extremely reliable, collaborative; 16 + years associated with companies. We offer five reasons as to why. Clean. x:y*$J*e,=x QHM`zeF i(ED'*V[Xzd;KOtI102e2P\vto\jQ| Z (September 20, 2016). 3). ACS Sustain. Natl Acad. In contrast, when acetic acid was reacted with ethanol/water, the conversion was only 68%. Lotta, G., Wenham, C., Nunes, J. The results from both of these experiments demonstrate that the equilibrium lies far towards the esterification product. %jgm'"RerkS%K8%b-R*$U{[>m /m1Zf%R(tO*Z{| k,o2;6_s1R5]:4]"%DA& iAL (~E$5B=_"d)}5.zMQU3 d &=1,/'d@|u%jB]Lpl[&nVR&B%,Qq[ Brazil has been heavily affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 7 years of experience in SAP GL-MDM, SAP MDG and SAP ECC (Cost Center, Profit Center & General Ledger). CAS Nature Governance ID LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Types of action LIFE Project Grants Deadline model single-stage Opening date 13 July 2021 Deadline date 30 November 2021 17:00:00 Brussels time Projetos SNAP (os chamados projetos integrados no anterior Regulamento, mas agora especficos In addition, D.I.C. Sci. Z. First, we obtained mid-year population projections for 20182020 and abridged life tables estimated for 20002020 by state, age and sex from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica, or IBGE, in Portuguese) (https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html). Noymer, A. Before COVID-19, e0 in Brazil lagged behind many countries in Asia, Europe and the Americas. and M.I.J. Recent technologies for treatment and recycling of used disposable baby diapers. For decades, mechanical recycling has been used to recover some value from waste polymers, although recycling rates are low2 and the material quality is often reduced. ANDS with Nectar and RDS have a vision in 2018-19 to create the Australian Research Data Cloud - "an integrated data-intensive infrastructure system, incorporating physical infrastructure, policies, data, software, tools and support for researchers." Researchers investigate what COVID-19 does to the heart. Rev. https://www.petrochemistry.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/150727_EBAM-Eco-profile-Acrylic-Monomers-1.pdf (Cefic European Basic Acrylic Monomers Sector group (EBAM): Brussels, 2015). Numbers above 100 indicate more deaths in 2021 than 2020. is supported by the National Institute on Aging (grant no. Tbuas Abreviadas de Mortalidade por Sexo e Idade. Without a change in coordination of pandemic response, expansion of testing and a rapid increase in vaccination, Brazil will soon become a serious threat to national and global health security42. The complex viscosity again dropped several orders of magnitude over 24h, at which point no further changes were observed, again suggesting that most crosslinks have been hydrolyzed (Supplementary Fig. Reaction conditions and yields for acid-catalyzed esterification of poly(acrylic acid), acetic acid, and undecanoic acid. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature Medicine (Nat Med) The estimated decline for Brazil was 0.94 years for both sexes, 0.66 years for females and 1.17 years for males. Woolf, S. H., Chapman, D. A., Sabo, R. T., Weinberger, D. M. & Hill, L. Excess deaths from COVID-19 and other causes, MarchApril 2020. Chem. Peter Bauer, Jonas Brugger, Martin Posch, Sven Drefahl, Matthew Wallace, Gunnar Andersson, Hctor Pifarr i Arolas, Enrique Acosta, Mikko Myrskyl, Ian F. Miller, Alexander D. Becker, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Stefano Amore, Emanuela Puppo, Giuseppe Liotta, Ariel Pablos-Mndez, Simone Villa, Richard Alan Cash, Megan ODriscoll, Gabriel Ribeiro Dos Santos, Henrik Salje, Nature Medicine J. Environ. Life Cycle Assess. 5, 501516 (2020). . The authors thank Procter and Gamble (P&G) for supporting this work, as well as Ryan Hayes and Jonah Vilseck for assisting with simulations, Edwin Zishiri for assisting with synthesis, Gary Gilbertson, Bill Begley, and Yiping Sun for performing SEC on the PSAs, and Prof. Brian Love for his intellectual contributions. Lancet Glob. We found that the faster the speed at which COVID-19 spread across municipalities (a lower locational Hoover Index), the larger the changes in e0 (Pearson correlation=0.724, P<0.001). SAP Certified with fifteen years of SAP development experience in UK and New Zealand. Sustainable polycarbonate adhesives for dry and aqueous conditions with thermoresponsive properties, Recent advances in biodegradable polymers for sustainable applications, Hydroplastic polymers as eco-friendly hydrosetting plastics, Moisture outgassing from siloxane elastomers containing surface-treated-silica fillers, End-of-life upcycling of polyurethanes using a room temperature, mechanism-based degradation, Recyclable thermoset hyperbranched polymers containing reversible hexahydro-s-triazine, Water-processable, biodegradable and coatable aquaplastic from engineered biofilms, Packaging materials with desired mechanical and barrier properties and full chemical recyclability, https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/pressure-sensitive-adhesives-market, https://www.statista.com/statistics/282732/global-production-of-plastics-since-1950, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-11/documents/2017_facts_and_figures_fact_sheet_final.pdf, https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications/the-new-plastics-economy-rethinking-the-future-of-plastics-catalysing-action, https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/super-absorbent-polymer-market, https://www.petrochemistry.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/150727_EBAM-Eco-profile-Acrylic-Monomers-1.pdf, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Closed-loop chemical recycling of cross-linked polymeric materials based on reversible amidation chemistry, Functional Acrylate Polymer Synthesis: Postpolymerization Modification Approach. sub-programme "Transition to clean energy". 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We also used these period life tables to calculate the femalemale gap in e0 and e65 (Supplementary Table 7); the difference between the highest and lowest state life expectancies; the loss due to COVID-19 relative to increases in e0 and e65 (by sex and state) over the past two decades (20002020) (Supplementary Tables 8 and 9); and the setback in life expectancy due to COVID-19 identified by the years when the life expectancies estimated for 2020 and 2021 were last observed (Supplementary Table 10). 61, 25842587 (1939). We used several data sources to estimate the changes in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19 by state and sex in Brazil. 916 (Springer International Publishing AG, 2018). hypno youtube. Teikti paraik ia. & Garca, J. M. Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production. Fornof, A. R. et al. Sci. Although durability and strength are advantages of synthetic polymers, these properties are also responsible for their environmental persistence4,5,6. Thiounn, T. & Smith, R. C. Advances and approaches for chemical recycling of plastic waste. ISSN 1546-170X (online) Estimates of period mortality rates require an estimate of the population exposed to the risk of dying. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. Considering the large COVID-19 death toll in Brazil, with marked regional inequalities, our goal was to quantify the loss in e0 and e65 in 2020 and in the first 4 months of 2021 due to the pandemic. Thank you for visiting nature.com. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z. 123, 116129 (2019). 7 April 2022 - Full Proposal. Article Lett. We have included these important steps in our life cycle assessments, however, our syntheses utilized the more readily accessible samples of superabsorbent polymer used to manufacture diapers at P&G. Third, for both 2020 and 2021, we calculated life tables based on the addition of COVID-19 mortality to the mortality pattern of 2019 (DT19). CAS Fig. One salient example is the superabsorbent material used in diapers and feminine hygiene products, which contain crosslinked sodium polyacrylates. Soil Environ. Child immunization was reduced, particularly among impoverished children in the North region29. Public Health 17, 4322 (2020). and S.G. conducted data curation. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Standard Action Projects (SAPs) Strategic Nature Projects (SNAPs) SNAPs: (1)target the implementation of the Prioritised Action Frameworks (PAF) other plans or strategies adopted at international, national, regional or multiregional level by nature Cancer diagnosis in Brazil in the COVID-19 era. Strong business development professional with a PhD focused in Teaching Engineering with Games from Universidade de So Paulo. 99, 99106 (2015). Plots of storage (G) versus loss (G) moduli for poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) (a), including visualization of Changs viscoelastic window, and of the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP) for each route (b). Sonicating 2.5% and 5.0% w/v solutions of decrosslinked PAAP&G for 010min using a 20kHz sonication horn operating at full amplitude (100%) revealed rapid chain-shortening for the decrosslinked PAAP&G (Fig. 5. That is, the PSAs are soft enough to flow and wet a substrate at the bonding frequency, while hard enough to hold onto a substrate, and peel cleanly at the debonding frequency. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance - Standard Action Projects (SAP) I progetti relativi a questa call devono essere orientati verso la garanzia di conformit alla legislazione dell'UE in materia di natura e biodiversit e l'accesso alla giustizia mediante: U.S. Patent 8404887B2 (March 26, 2013). 166, 108304 (2020). Science 371, 288292 (2021). Prot. Silveira, M. F. et al. U.S. Patent Application 2021/0054248 A1 (Februrary 25, 2021). Picture: Matt Roberts/Getty Images. Self-wetting adhesive composition. Globally, there have been significant efforts towards recycling the components of diapers28. Preston, S., Heuveline, P. & Guillot, M. Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes (Wiley-Blackwell, 2000). LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. Correspondence to Anne J. McNeil. Fagnani, D. E. et al. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Sonochem. stream Chazovachii, P. T., Somers, M., Alfaro, J., McNeil, A. J. For candidates working in person or remotely in the below locations, the salary* range for this specific position is $72,960 to $131,328. Carvalho, C. A., Viola, P. C. A. F. & Sperandio, N. How is Brazil facing the crisis of food and nutrition security during the COVID-19 pandemic? The new plastics economy: rethinking the future of plastics & catalyzing action. In addition to your salary, Elevance Health offers benefits such as, a comprehensive benefits package . Lancet 396, 367368 (2020). https://www.statista.com/statistics/282732/global-production-of-plastics-since-1950 (2020). In this approach, the VW for each PSA is constructed from the dynamic storage (G) and loss (G) moduli at representative bonding and debonding frequencies of 0.01 and 100Hz, respectively. & Bowe, B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Barone, M. T. U. et al. Marinho, F. et al. J. Three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a largely unmitigated epidemic. Among the states, Amazonas lost approximately 60% for both sexes and 68% among males. Therefore, efforts to introduce synergy between superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery and PSA production may provide much-needed demand for diaper recycling end-products, which in-turn may improve environmental performance for both processes on a large scale. Super absorbent polymer (SAP) marketGlobal industry analysis, size and forecast. Raber, D. J. et al. GetScriptingEngine End If If Not IsObject (connection) Then Set connection = application. Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/super-absorbent-polymer-market (20152020). <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 1 0 obj a, Estimated change in life expectancy at birth in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. axL5Bv\cH L(8@#lP&djen$kqbn7GwU$Kn~` d!B"mheQ%$HL3\0(Jqv\s. From an energetic standpoint, the CED is reduced by 18.8% and 18.6% with the sonication scenarios, and further reduced (by 24.8%) in the scenario without sonication. Ultimately, inequality might become worse, exacerbating an already distressing scenario due to COVID-19. B 121, 36263635 (2017). 1b and Supplementary Table 2)5. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal decomposition of super absorbent polymers. Faria, N. R. et al. Estimates are presented by sex and state, and we measured and compared changes across states and in femalemale gaps in life expectancy. Height influenced biomass accumulation and hence C gain, where life forms . Rev. y?UT=*b!k jV/d=ucKW|8pJ{XCz"Xb3lhUY?|4~'"nj(\9c XP9@p*;+dw. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Marcia C. Castro,Susie Gurzenda&Sun Kim, Demography Department, Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Office of Population Research and Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA, You can also search for this author in Rocha, R. et al. Vaupel, J. W., Villavicencio, F. & Bergeron-Boucher, M.-P. Demographic perspectives on the rise of longevity. Therefore, our estimates would not be seriously affected by missing deaths unless a different pattern of errors emerges in 2020. Commercial polyacrylate-based PSAs are often accessed via petroleum-sourced monomers (Fig. J. Environ. Nature Governance ). Formal training in customer service with. This was the case for 12 of the 27 states (Fig. Our results quantify the effect of the COVID-19 death toll on life expectancy in Brazil. We calculated the correlation between the speed of the spread of COVID-19 deaths (measured by the locational Hoover Index)18 and the decline in e0. M.C.C., S.G.K. 5). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response (2021). J. Phys. is supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. 2 Topics under the 2021 call 1. Green. ADS LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature These records, aggregated at the state level, are publicly available by date on the website (https://brasil.io/covid19/). To obtain 2). Combined, these data indicate that open-loop recycling of the superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) to synthesize PSAs is both energetically and environmentally favorable compared to petroleum-derived syntheses in our assessment. Barbosa, R. J., Souza, P. H. G. F. & Soares, S. S. D. Distribuio de Renda nos Anos 2010: uma dcada perdida para desigualdade e pobreza. ANDS is a $120M federally funded national infrastructure innovation project to exploit Australia's research data advantage. Buss, L. F. et al. Both methods resulted in larger estimates of life expectancy decline compared to the difference between 2019 and 2020 period life tables (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2): for example, for Brazil (both sexes), the decline in e0 was estimated at 1.92 years (DT20) and 1.67 years (DT19) versus 1.31 years (difference between 2019 and 2020 life tables). 4 0 obj xCv+}jE`MGA-k8E5YYM To monitor this process, we measured changes in the complex viscosity over time. The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. . https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications/the-new-plastics-economy-rethinking-the-future-of-plastics-catalysing-action (2017). Science 372, 815821 (2021). JRSvk] The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. These are some examples of deteriorating health conditions that not only will generate a higher demand for healthcare services but also might affect future mortality patterns. PubMedGoogle Scholar. NaOH and mild heating (Fig. 3 0 obj <> SAP GUI Scripting Security Guide. Biochem. CAS We performed all demographic analyses in Microsoft Excel version 16.44 and data cleaning and processing in Stata version 15.1 (Stata Corporation) and R version 4.0.0 (2020). For comparison, we also evaluated the hydrolysis using 0.8M aq. Supports production requirements as needed and performs other related duties consistent with the nature of the job as directed by the Ops Leader/Plant Leader. For many polymers, recycling via mechanical processes is not feasible and these materials are destined for landfills or incineration. Super absorbent polymer recycling to pressure sensitive adhesives. These results suggest that the substrate hydrophobicity also favors conversion to the ester. USA 118, e2014746118 (2021). Chazovachii, P.T., Somers, M.J., Robo, M.T. J. Macromol. S1). The consequences of that death toll can be measured by e0, which indicates the average number of years a newborn would be expected to live if born in a specific year and subject to the prevailing mortality rates in that year throughout life. ISPRA Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale Demonstrativos de linhagens e genomas SARS-CoV-2. 2a and Supplementary Table 7). %PDF-1.7 Polym. Hone, T. et al. Rochman, C. M. Microplastics research-from sink to source. To determine whether the base-mediated or acid-catalyzed pathway was better, the two routes were compared using a cradle-to-product life cycle assessment (LCA, Supplementary Fig. quizlet cosmetology. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina.

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